Publisher: ESRI
Location:
Rotch Library - GIS Collection | G70.212.E77 1999 (ArcView)
Rotch Library - GIS Collection | G70.212.E775 2003 (ArcGIS 8.3)
Rotch Library - GIS Collection | G70.212.A722 2004 (ArcGIS 9.0)
Rotch Library - GIS Collection | G70.212.E776 2004 (ArcGIS 9.0)
Rotch Library - GIS Collection | G70.212.E776 2005 (ArcGIS 9.1)
Rotch Library - GIS Collection | G70.212.E776 2006 (ArcGIS 9.2)
Rotch Library - GIS Collection | G70.212.E776 2008 (ArcGIS 9.3)

ESRI Data and Maps contain a wide variety of data covering the world, although most of data is for the United States. Detailed descriptions for the datasets can be found in the ESRI Data and Map White papers:

ArcGIS StreetMap USA
ArcGIS StreetMap provides nationwide address matching and street map display. ArcGIS StreetMap layers automatically manage, label, and draw features, such as local landmarks, streets, parks, water bodies, and other features. ArcGIS StreetMap can geocode addresses by interactively matching a single address or by batch matching from a file of addresses.

Publisher: Tobin
Location: Rotch Library - GIS Collection | DVDROM G3200 2004.T63

Global Planner comprises multiple datasets covering the world:

• 1:500,000 scale topographic maps of the world from the Russian military
  • use the index in the GP500_World_ArcView Folder
• Digital Chart of the World (vector files at 1:1,000,000 scale)
• and USGS geologic data

Global Planner description and documentation (PDF)
Map Symbols (PDF)

2000 mosaic:
Rotch Library - GIS Collection | CDROM G2301.A47 2005.T8
1990 mosaic:
Rotch Library - GIS Collection | CDROM G3201.A43 2004.L3

Use the Indexes available on the MIT Geodata Repository to find the file, and CD for your area of interest. (Geodata Tool Keyword search: Landsat)
Dataset description

Publisher: GfK Macon
Digital Maps for GIS (an update to the "World" dataset):
Location Rotch Library - GIS collection | CDROM G3200 2005.W67
Indices (pdf format): Asia, Australia, Central America, Europe (Administrative), Europe PLZ (postal), Eastern Europe, Western Europe, North America, South America, World

World: Location Rotch Library - GIS Collection | CDROM G3200 2000.W67
2000 World Dataset Index (pdf)

These datasets contains many levels of geographic boundaries and vector files around the world. Due to license restrictions these datasets are only available for use in the GIS lab in Rotch Library, and will not be found in the MIT Geodata Repository.

Location Rotch Library - GIS Collection | DVDROM G3201.A25 2003.G56
Selected data layers are available in the MIT Geodata Repository.
Developed by the USGS, Published by the American Geological Institute, equivalent to USGS Digital Data Series DDS-62H
This dataset contains a digital atlas of the entire planet. This atlas is the flagship product of a global database compiled from USGS and other data sources at a nominal scale of 1:1 million and is intended to be used as a regional-scale reference and analytical tool. Check available datalayers and their metadata.

Location Rotch Library - GIS Collection | CDROM G105.N55 2003
Also available on the MIT Geodata Repository
The GEOnet Names Server (GNS) provides access to the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency's (NGA) ( previously NIMA - National Imagery and Mapping Agency ) and the U.S. Board on Geographic Names' (US BGN) database of foreign geographic feature names. Worldwide geographic coverage, excluding the United States and Antarctica.
This dataset is particularly helpful for searching for names, especially when overlaid on a rasters, such as the Russian maps in the Global Planner dataset or on Landsat imagery.
Data Dictionary
Designation codes and definitions
Listing of Countries and 2 letter country codes (text file)

For the latest set of names directly from the NGA website (in text format) go to: http://earth-info.nga.mil/gns/html/